<p>Chronic sleep disorders affect one in five Americans, and sleep deprivation costs significant U.S. GDP loss annually. Despite the indisputable biological importance of sleep, much remains unknown about underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop in November 2022. Experts and leaders from academia, industry, government, philanthropic foundations, and disease-focused non-profit organizations gathered to review current sleep science, examine the relationships between central nervous system disorders and sleep, identify potential cross-disciplinary collaborations, and discuss opportunities to better understand and mitigate sleep disturbances commonly associated with CNS disorders. This proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions.</p>