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#1 It has been proven that children who are labeled as being gifted and intelligent often lack confidence in their abilities. They underrate the importance of effort, and they overrate how much help they need from their parents.

#2 The assumption is that if a child believes he's smart, he won't be intimidated by new academic challenges. But a growing body of research suggests that giving kids the label of smart doesn't prevent them from underperforming.

#3 The effect of praise on performance is extremely powerful, and can even backfire on those who are praised for their intelligence. Those who believe that innate intelligence is the key to success begin to discount the importance of effort.

#4 While some parents have accepted the new research on praise, and are using it to praise their children more specifically, others have difficulty putting it into practice.