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#1 Ego states are bundles of neural connections that hold consistent patterns of information, affect, attention, behavior, and sometimes identity, which belong to specific developmental ages or situations.

#2 When humans are overwhelmed, they may turn to a neutral state and then switch to an agitated or immobilized state in minutes. The traumatized may create a neural imprint of the traumatic experience, and their ego state may become a dissociative state, disconnected to the present time while holding the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings tied to past situations and past identities.

#3 Ego state work can: bring a mature adult state to the front to deal with people, situations, and emotions; heal trauma by creating a true dual attention between parts stuck in a traumatic event and the here-and-now adult in the relatively safe world; bring former resources to current situations.

#4 When doing ego state work, therapists tend to focus on two states: positive resourced ego states and dysfunctional, reactive, not-connected-to-present-reality states. Resourced states can be the grown-up, capable ego states and, if dissociative, ANPs Apparently Normal Parts that take care of the business of daily life.